Bluish-green, 1-4 in. long and oblong to lance-shaped; edges (margins) are smooth to toothed
Stem leaves are alternate; leaf size decreases up the stem; bases of upper leaves have small lobes that clasp the stem
Small yellow flowers (0.1 in. wide) with 4 petals; clustered at tips of branches
Seed pod is oval, 0.1 in. long and borne on a 0.3-0.6 in. long stalk
Thick, fleshy taproot with creeping roots
Grows best in moist, disturbed areas; often infests roadsides, waste areas, pastures and crop fields; not known to occur in Nevada
Perennial; reproduces by roots; forms dense patches
Hand removal of individual plants (including roots) can limit spread of small infestations
Repeated cultivation and improved drainage of wet areas have also been reported to be effective
Apply 2,4-D to actively growing plants